3d remote control system employing absolute and relative position detection

ABSTRACT

The present invention can include three-dimensional remote control systems that can detect an absolute location to which a remote control is pointing in first and second orthogonal axes and an absolute position of the remote control in a third orthogonal axis. Remote control systems of the present invention can employ absolute position detection with relative position detection. Absolute position detection can indicate an initial absolute position of the remote control and relative position detection can indicate changes in the position of the remote control. By combining absolute and relative position detection, remote control systems of the present invention can track remote controls more precisely than systems that only employ absolute position detection. The present invention also can include methods and apparatus for zooming in and out of an image shown on a display based on the absolute position of the remote control in the third axis.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can relate to multi-dimensional remote controlsystems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Some electronic systems can permit a user to interact with softwareapplications, e.g., video games, by manipulating a remote control. Forexample, the systems can permit a user to interact with an image shownon a display by pointing a remote control at desired locations on orproximate to the display. Using infrared (IR) sources andphotodetectors, the remote control systems can detect light produced orreflected by the light sources. The systems then can determine thelocation to which the remote control is pointing based on the detectedlight. The remote control systems or electronic devices coupled theretocan then perform one or more predetermined actions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can include multi-dimensional (e.g., 2-D or 3-D)remote control systems that can detect an absolute location to which aremote control is pointing in first and second orthogonal axes (e.g.,the x- and y-axes). Remote control systems of the present invention alsocan detect the absolute position of the remote control in a thirdorthogonal axis (e.g., the z-axis).

To determine the absolute position of the remote control, remote controlsystems of the present invention can employ absolute position detectionwith relative position detection. Absolute position detection canindicate an initial absolute position of the remote control. Relativeposition detection can indicate changes in the position of the remotecontrol. When the initial absolute position is combined with a change inthe position of the remote control, an updated absolute position can bedetermined. Because relative position detection can provide greaterresolution than some techniques used in absolute position detection, theupdated absolute position can be more precise than the initial absoluteposition determined for the remote control.

The remote control system of the present invention also can zoom intoand out of an image or a portion thereof based on the absolute positionof the remote control in the third axis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other advantages of the present invention will be apparentupon consideration of the following detailed description, taken inconjunction with accompanying drawings, in which like referencecharacters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a remote control system of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates interaction of one embodiment of a remote controlsystem of the present invention with an image shown on a display;

FIG. 3 illustrates a process for determining absolute positions of aremote control in x-, y-, and z-axes in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a process for determining an absolute position of aremote control in the z-axis in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate alternative processes for determining an averageabsolute position of a remote control in the z-axis in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 6A-6C and 7A-7C illustrate embodiments of a zooming feature of thepresent invention; and

FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention forperforming the zoom function described with respect to FIGS. 7A-7C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can incorporate a three-dimensional remote controlsystem that can detect an absolute location to which a remote control ispointing in x- and y-axes and can detect the absolute position of theremote control in the z-axis with respect to one or more referencelocations. The remote control system of the present invention can employabsolute position detection with relative position detection.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one embodiment of remote control system 10 ofthe present invention. Remote control system 10 can include remotecontrol 16, absolute position detection sub-system 12, and relativeposition detection sub-system 14. Remote control system 10 can permit auser to interact with an image shown on display 30 using remote control16. Display 30 can show an image substantially defined by orthogonal x-and y-axes. Display 30 can have any shape or configuration. For example,display 30 can be a television, a computer monitor, a surface upon whichimages are projected, or any combination thereof. The display can have aflat screen or a screen with a nominal curvature. The display also canbe any other type of display known in the art or otherwise.

Remote control system 10 can permit a user to move object 28 (e.g., acursor) displayed on display 30 in the x- and y-axes by pointing remotecontrol 16 at desired locations on display 30. Ray R in FIG. 2 canindicate the location at which remote control 16 is pointing. Remotecontrol system 10 can determine the absolute x- and y-positions of thelocation to which the remote control is pointing (relative to one ormore reference locations). Remote control system 10 then can move object28 to the location to which the remote control is pointing. Thus, whenthe user moves remote control 16 in the x- and y-axes, display 30 canshow a corresponding movement of object 28 in the x- and y-axes.

Remote control system 10 also can permit a user to control otherparameters of the image show on display 30 (e.g., size of object 28) bymoving remote control 16 in a z-axis that may be orthogonal to the x-and y-axes. Remote control system 10 can determine the absolute positionof remote control 16 in the z-axis with respect to a reference locationand correlate one or more parameters of the image thereto. Thus, forexample, as a user moves remote control 16 towards or away from display30 in the z-axis, remote control system 10 can enlarge or reduce atleast a portion of the image shown on display 30 (e.g., the size ofobject 28). In one embodiment of the present invention, the referencelocation in the z-axis may be substantially co-planar with a screen ofdisplay 30 on which an image is shown. As used herein, the position ofthe remote control in the x-, y- and z-axes also may be referred to asthe x-, y- and z-positions of the remote control (respectively).

Absolute position detection sub-system 12 can detect one or more of thefollowing absolute positions with respect to one or more referencelocations: (1) the x- and y-positions of remote control 16; (2) the x-and y-positions of the location on or proximate to display 30 to whichthe remote control is pointing; and (3) the z-position of remote control16. Relative position detection sub-system 14 can detect changes in theposition of remote control 16 as the user manipulates the remotecontrol. For example, relative position detection sub-system 14 candetect the direction in which remote control 16 is moving and/or thespeed at which remote control 16 is moving.

To detect the x-, y-, and z-positions, absolute position detectionsub-system 12 can include one or more electro-optical components, e.g.,one or more light sources and/or a photodetector. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 2, remote control system 10 can include a pluralityof individual predetermined light sources 22. One or more predeterminedlight sources 22 can be disposed on frame 24 to form light transmitter20 or integrated with display 30. One or more predetermined lightsources 22 also can be disposed anywhere proximate to, on, or neardisplay 30. As used herein, the predetermined light sources can eithergenerate light or reflect light shined thereon. If predetermined lightsource(s) act as reflector(s), another light source can project lighttowards the reflector(s). The reflector(s) can reflect the light back toa photodetector. For example, the photodetector and the other lightsource can be disposed on remote control 16, whereas the reflector(s)can be disposed proximate to, near, on, or in display 30.

Predetermined light sources 22 can emit, e.g., infrared (IR) light 24 toremote control 16, which can detect the emitted light usingphotodetector 26. Photodetector 26 can include CCD arrays, CMOS arrays,two-dimensional position sensitive photodiode arrays, other types ofphotodiode arrays, other types of light detection devices known in theart or otherwise, or any combination thereof.

In one embodiment of the present invention, transmitter 20 can bedisposed such that predetermined light sources 22 are substantiallyco-planar with the screen of display 30. In alternative embodiments ofthe present invention, transmitter 20 and/or predetermined light sources22 can be disposed at another location near or on display 30. In oneembodiment of the present invention, remote control system 10 can beconfigured to determine the absolute z-position of remote control 16with respect to the light transmitter and/or one or more predeterminedlight sources. That is, the light transmitter and/or one or morepredetermined light sources may serve as the reference location in thez-axis. One of the predetermined light sources also may serve as thereference location in the x- and y-axes.

Controller 32, which may be disposed within remote control 16, candetermine the x- and y-positions of the display location to which a useris pointing remote control 16 based on the IR light detected byphotodetector 26. Controller 32 also can be configured to generatesignals for rendering display 30 that move object 28 to the determinedx- and y-positions. Based on the IR light detected by photodetector 26,controller 32 also can be configured to determine an absolute z-positionof remote control 16 with respect to a reference location. Thecontrollers described herein may include processors, memory, ASICs,circuits and/or other electronic components.

Relative position detection system 14 can include relative motion sensor34 disposed within remote control 16. Relative motion sensor 34 caninclude any sensor that can detect relative motion or change in positionof an object to which it is coupled. Controller 32 can incorporate datafrom relative motion sensor 34 in calculating the absolute z-position ofremote control 16. This can provide additional resolution of thedetermined z-position and can permit remote control system 10 to moreaccurately track movement of remote control 16.

In one embodiment of the present invention, relative motion sensor 34can include a single or multi-dimensional accelerometer. In alternativeembodiments of the present invention, relative motion sensor 34 caninclude a gyroscope, an accelerometer, any other sensor that can detectrelative motion, or any combination thereof.

Remote control 12 can incorporate user input component 38. A user mayactuate user input component 38 when the user wants remote controlsystem 10 to perform an action. For example, a user my actuate userinput component 38 when the user is pointing to a location on display 30to which the user wants object 28 to be moved or when the user movesremote control 16 in the z-axis to, e.g., zoom in on or zoom out of theimage shown on display 30. When the user is not actuating user inputcomponent 38, remote control system 10 can be configured to take noaction.

User input component 38 can be a scrollwheel similar to thatincorporated by a portable media player sold under the trademark iPod™by Apple Computer, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. The scrollwheel can includeone or more buttons and a capacitive touchpad. The touchpad can permit auser to scroll through software menus by running the user's fingeraround the track of the scrollwheel. User input component 38 also caninclude, for example, one or more buttons, a touchpad, a touchscreendisplay, or any combination thereof.

Remote control system 10 also can include optional console 40. Console40 can have controller 42 that can perform some or all of the processingdescribed for controller 32. For example, remote control 16 can beconfigured to transmit data representing detected IR light 24 to console40. Controller 42 in console 40 then can (1) determine the absolute x-,y-, and z-positions described above; and (2) generate signals forrendering display 30 based on the determined x-, y-, and z-positions.Alternatively, controller 32 can determine the absolute x-, y-, andz-positions described above and controller 42 can generate signals forrendering display 30 based on the determined x-, y-, and z-positions.

In one embodiment of the present invention, console 40 can communicatewith remote control 16 using cable 44 and/or one or more wirelesscommunication protocols known in the art or otherwise. Console 40 alsocan communicate with display 30 using cable 46 and/or one or morewireless communication protocols known in the art or otherwise.Alternatively, console 40 can be integrated with display 30 as one unit.

Console 40 also can have one or more connectors 43 to which accessoriescan be coupled. Accessories can include cables 44 and/or 46, gamecartridges, portable memory devices (e.g., memory cards, external harddrives, etc.), adapters for interfacing with another electronic device(e.g., computers, camcorders, cameras, media players, etc.), orcombinations thereof.

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a position detection process inaccordance with the present invention. In step 50, controller 32 or 42can accept data from photodetector 26 of absolute position detectionsub-system 12. The accepted data may be representative of detected light24. In step 52, controller 32 or 42 can use the data from photodetector26 to determine the absolute x- and y-positions of the location to whichremote control 16 is pointing and/or the absolute x- and y-positions ofremote control 16. The absolute x- and y-positions of remote control 16can be used, for example, in video games to position a user's characteror to otherwise track the movement of the remote control in a user'senvironment.

Techniques for determining the x- and y-positions may be known in theart. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,863 to Sibert et al., issued onFeb. 6, 2001, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,053,932 to Lin et al, issued on May30, 2006, the entireties of which are incorporated herein by reference,describe two techniques that can be employed by controller 32 or 42.U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0207597 to Marks, publishedon Oct. 21, 2004; No. 2006/0152489 to Sweetser et al., published on Jul.13, 2006; No. 2006/0152488 to Salsman et al., published on Jul. 13,2006; and No. 2006/0152487 to Grunnet-Jepsen et al., published on Jul.13, 2006, the entireties of which also are incorporated herein byreference, describe additional techniques that can be employed bycontroller 32 or 42. Remote control system 10 also can employ othertechniques known in the art or otherwise.

In step 54, controller 32 or 42 can use the data from photodetector 26to determine an initial absolute z-position of remote control 16 using,e.g., an averaging technique. One embodiment of an averaging techniquecan include accepting multiple frames of data collected by photodetector26 and determining an average absolute z-position based on the multipleframes of data. More details about one embodiment of the averagingtechnique is discussed below with respect to FIGS. 4-5B.

In step 56, controller 32 or 42 can accept data or signals fromaccelerometer 34. Based on the accelerometer data/signals, controller 32or 42 can extract information about changes in the z-position of remotecontrol 16 (if any). For example, the sign of the slope of a signalwaveform derived from accelerometer data can indicate whether a user ismoving remote control 16 in the positive or negative z-direction withrespect to a reference condition. The magnitude of signals derived fromaccelerometer data can indicate the rate at which the user is movingremote control 16. The controller can extract this information from theaccelerometer signals and correlate the information to the direction andrate of change of remote control 16 in the z-axis. Given the direction,rate of change, and amount of time elapsed, controller 32 or 42 candetermine changes in the position of remote control 16 in the z-axis.

In step 60, controller 32 or 42 can combine the average absolutez-position determined in step 54 with the change in z-positiondetermined in step 58 to provide an updated absolute z-position. Forexample, controller 32 or 42 can add the average absolute z-positiondetermined in step 54 with the change in z-position determined in step58. Controller 32 or 42 also can weight either the average absolutez-position determined in step 54 or the change in z-position determinedin step 58 before combining the values, e.g., to account for differencesin accuracy, error rates, characteristics of the hardware, etc.

The value resulting from the combination can be a more preciseindication of the absolute z-position of remote control 16 as comparedto the average z-position determined in step 54. The updated z-positiondetermined in step 60 can provide additional resolution and therebypermit remote control system 10 to more accurately track movement ofremote control 16.

Controller 32 or 42 can be configured to perform steps 50-54simultaneously with steps 56-60. The controller also can continuouslyreiterate steps 50-60, thereby continuously updating the absolutez-position of remote control 16.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, remote control system 10 can performadditional processing. For example, data from photodetector 26 can beprocessed by a hardware or software low pass filter (not shown). Also,data from accelerometer 34 can be processed by a hardware or softwarehigh pass filter (not shown). Controller 32 or 42 also can use data fromrelative motion sensor 34 to determine roll of remote control 16. Forexample, if a remote control system employs a symmetrical pattern of IRemitters, the controller can not be able to distinguish whether theremote control is disposed with, e.g., user input component 38 pointingin the positive y-direction or in the negative y-direction due to thesymmetricity. By incorporating an accelerometer, for example, acontroller of the present invention can distinguish between theseconfigurations by analyzing accelerometer data. Controller 32 or 42 alsocan use data from the relative motion sensor to determine pitch and yawof remote control 16 with respect to a reference configuration.

While FIG. 3 shows a remote control system of the present inventionusing data from the relative position detection sub-system to determineonly the changes in the absolute z-position of a remote control, datafrom the relative position detection sub-system also can be used todetermine changes in the x- and y-positions of the remote control. Thisinformation then can be combined with the x- and y-positions determinedin step 52 to determine the location to which the remote control ispointing and/or the absolute x- and y-positions of remote control 10.

FIG. 4 illustrates techniques that absolute position detectionsub-system 12 of remote control system 10 can employ in step 54 of FIG.3 to determine an initial absolute z-position of remote control 16.Remote control system 10 can be configured to determine the absoluteposition of a remote control in the z-direction by analyzing lightsignals 24.1, 24.2 from at least two predetermined light sources 22 todetermine perceived distance D between the predetermined light sources.For example, as a user moves remote control 16 from position Z(a) toZ(b), angle Θ between light rays 24.1 and 24.2 may decrease from Θ(a) toΘ(b). As a result, remote control 16 can perceive distance D betweenpredetermined light sources 22 to become smaller. Accordingly, todetermine the absolute z-position of remote control 16 with respect to,e.g., predetermined light sources 22, controller 32 or 42 can correlateangle Θ and/or perceived distance D to a z-position. For example,controller 32 or 42 can calculate the z-position using angle Θ and/orperceived distance D in one or more formulas based on principles ofgeometry. Alternatively, remote control system 10 can have a databasethat associates perceived distances D and/or angles Θ to predeterminedz-positions. Controller 32 or 42 can be configured to access thisdatabase to determine the z-position of remote control 16.

Remote control system 10 also can compare the signal intensities oflight rays 24.1 and 24.2 received by photodetector 26 to determine theabsolute z-position of remote control 16. For example, as a user movesremote control 16 from position Z(a) to Z(b), the intensities of lightrays 24.1 and 24.2 received by photodetector 26 may decrease. Also, as auser moves remote control 16 from side to side in the x-axis, theintensity of light 24.1 received by photodetector 26 may differ fromthat received from light 24.2. To determine the absolute z-position ofremote control 16, controller 32 or 42 can correlate the detectedintensities of light rays 24.1 and 24.2 to a z-position for the remotecontrol. For example, controller 32 or 42 can be configured to calculatethe z-position using formula(s) that are function(s) of the intensitiesof the detected light rays. The formulas can be determined by empiricaltesting or by using principles of light propagation. Alternatively,remote control system 10 can have a database that associates detectedintensities to predetermined z-positions. Controller 32 or 42 can beconfigured to access this database to determine the z-position of remotecontrol 16. In one embodiment of the present invention, controller 32 or42 can correlate the z-position of remote control 16 using perceiveddistance D, angle Θ, intensities of light detected by photodetector 26,or any combination thereof. While FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary systemhaving two predetermined light sources, these techniques can be employedto detect an absolute z-position of remote control 16 in systems havingmore than two predetermined light sources.

Remote control system 10 also can employ other techniques known in theart or otherwise for determining initial absolute z-positions of remotecontrol 16. For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos.2006/0152489 to Sweetser et al.; 2006/0152488 to Salsman et al.; and2006/0152487 to Grunnet-Jepsen et al., the entireties of which areincorporated herein by reference above, describe techniques that can beemployed by controller 32 or 42 to determine the z-position of a remotecontrol when two, three, or four predetermined light sources areprovided.

In one embodiment of the present invention, remote control system 10 canuse only the techniques described above to determine the initialabsolute z-position of remote control 16 in step 54 of FIG. 3. In analternative embodiment of the present invention, remote control system10 can employ additional processing in step 54 to determine an averagez-position for remote control 16. That is, the initial absolute positiondetermined in step 54 can be an average position of the remote controlover a predetermined amount of time or predetermined number of frames ofdata collected by the photodetector. The latter embodiment can reducethe effect of jitter in the collected data. Jitter can result, forexample, from decreased resolution in the z-direction when the distancebetween predetermined light sources 22 and photodetector 26 increases.

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate averaging techniques for determining an averageabsolute z-position for remote control 16. Of course, remote controlsystem 10 can use other averaging techniques known in the art orotherwise for determining an average absolute z-position for remotecontrol 16.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5A, controller 32 or 42 can be configured todetermine an absolute z-position for each frame of data collected byphotodetector 26 and then average the determined z-positions over apredetermined number of frames (e.g., 30 frames). In step 70, controller32 or 42 can accept data from photodetector 26 that may berepresentative of IR light 24 from predetermined light sources 22. Usingthe techniques described with respect to FIG. 4, for example, controller32 or 42 can determine an absolute z-position of remote control 16 basedon the accepted data (step 72). In step 74, controller 32 or 42 canstore the z-position determined in step 72 in memory, e.g., buffermemory. In step 76, controller 32 or 42 can check whether z-positionshave been determined for a predetermined number of frames. If not, thecontroller can revert back to step 70. In step 78, controller 32 or 42can determine an average z-position for remote control 16 by averagingsome or all of the z-positions stored in step 74. In one embodiment ofthe present invention, the controller can perform additional processingbefore the controller determines an average z-position. For example, thecontroller can eliminate extreme or outlying z-position values from theset of values used in the averaging process. Thereafter, controller 32or 42 can revert back to step 70.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5B, controller 32 or 42 can be configured toaverage data collected from photodetector 26 over a predetermined numberof frames (e.g., 30 frames) and then determine a z-position based on theaveraged data. In step 82, controller 32 or 42 can accept data fromphotodetector 26 that may be representative of IR light 24 frompredetermined light sources 22. In step 84, controller 32 or 42 canstore the accepted data in memory, e.g., buffer memory. In step 86,controller 32 or 42 can check whether data from photodetector 26 hasbeen accepted for a predetermined number of frames. If not, thecontroller can revert back to step 82. In step 88, controller 32 or 42can determine average value(s) of the stored data, e.g., averageintensity for light ray 24.1 and average intensity for light ray 24.2.Using the techniques described with respect to FIG. 4, for example,controller 32 or 42 can determine the average absolute z-position ofremote control 16 based on the average value(s) determined in step 88(step 90). In one embodiment of the present invention, the controllercan perform additional processing before the controller determines anaverage z-position in step 90. Thereafter, the process can revert backto step 82.

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate one application of the present invention that canutilize the absolute z-position of remote control 16. In FIG. 6A, remotecontrol 16 is positioned at position Z1 from light transmitter 20.Controller 32 or 42 can detect position Z1 and generate signals forrendering at least a portion of the image shown on the display (e.g.,object 28) in a size that corresponds to position Z1. For example, thecontroller can scale an image of object 28 by a factor that correlatesto position Z1 in a predetermined relationship. When a user moves remotecontrol 16 closer to IR transmitter 20 as shown in FIG. 6B, thecontroller can detect new position Z2 and generate signals for renderingobject 28 in a larger size that correlates to position Z2. When a usermoves remote control 16 farther way from IR transmitter 20 as shown inFIG. 6C, the controller can detect new position Z3 and generate signalsfor rendering at least a portion of the image shown on the display(e.g., object 28) in a smaller size that correlates to position Z3.Thus, the image of object 28 may have a reference size that may bescaled up or down depending on the position of remote control 16 in thez-axis.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, controller 32 or42 can enlarge or zoom in on at least a portion of an image shown on thedisplay (e.g., object 28) when the remote control is moved away from thedisplay or transmitter 20 in the z-axis. Controller 32 or 42 also canreduce the size or zoom out of at least a portion of the image shown onthe display (e.g., object 28) when the remote control is moved towardsthe display or transmitter 20 in the z-axis.

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate a second application that uses the zoomingfunction described with respect to FIGS. 6A-6C to zoom into and out ofat least a portion an image (e.g., pictures or videos) shown on display30. FIG. 7A illustrates display 30 showing an image of a triangle andcursor 28. When a user wishes to zoom into or enlarge a particular areaof the triangle, the user can point remote control 16 to the desiredarea on the display (e.g., a corner of the triangle). Responsivethereto, remote control system 10 can detect this action and move cursor28 to the location at which the remote control is pointed (see FIG. 7B).When the user moves the remote control closer to display 30 ortransmitter 20 in the z-axis, remote control system 10 can zoom in on orenlarge the corner of the triangle at which cursor 28 is disposed (seeFIG. 7C). Accordingly, the location in the x- and y-axes at which remotecontrol 16 is pointing may be the focal point about which the image iszoomed in or out. Alternatively, remote control system 10 can beconfigured to zoom out or shrink an image shown on the display when theuser moves the remote control closer to display 30 or transmitter 20 inthe z-axis.

FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention forperforming the zoom function described with respect to FIGS. 7A-7C. Instep 100, controller 32 or 42 can generate signals to render an image ondisplay 30. Controller 32 or 42 initially can render the image in areference size. In step 102, the controller can accept signals from userinput component 38 that indicates the user is requesting that remotecontrol system 10 take action. In step 104, the controller can acceptdata from absolute and relative position detection sub-systems asdescribed above. In step 106, the controller can determine the absolutex- and y-positions to which remote control 16 is pointing and thez-position of the remote control. In step 108, the controller cancorrelate the x- and y-positions to which remote control 16 is pointingto coordinates on the displayed image.

In step 110, the controller can determine how much the displayed imageneeds to be translated in the x- and y-directions so that the resultingimage rendered in step 114 shows the desired feature at which the remotecontrol is pointed. For example, the image rendered in step 114 can becentered about the location in the x- and y-axes to which the remotecontrol is pointing.

In step 112, the controller can determine how much to scale thedisplayed image from its reference size in accordance with thez-position of remote control 16. In step 114, the controller cangenerate signals for rendering display 30 with an image that istranslated and scaled in accordance with the translation and scalingfactor determined in steps 110 and 112.

Although particular embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed above in detail, it will be understood that this descriptionis merely for purposes of illustration. Alternative embodiments of thosedescribed hereinabove also are within the scope of the presentinvention. For example, predetermined light sources can be disposed in aremote control and a photodetector can be disposed in a display, in aframe disposed proximate to the display, or at any location proximateto, on, or near a display.

Also, a controller in the display can perform some or all of theprocessing described above for controllers 32 and/or 42. Thus, multiplecontrollers may be used to control remote control systems of the presentinvention.

A remote control of the present invention can be any electronic devicein a system that may need to determine the absolute positions of theelectronic device with respect to one or more reference locations. Forexample, the remote control can be any portable, mobile, hand-held, orminiature consumer electronic device. Illustrative electronic devicescan include, but are not limited to, music players, video players, stillimage players, game players, other media players, music recorders, videorecorders, cameras, other media recorders, radios, medical equipment,calculators, cellular phones, other wireless communication devices,personal digital assistances, programmable remote controls, pagers,laptop computers, printers, or combinations thereof. Miniatureelectronic devices may have a form factor that is smaller than that ofhand-held devices. Illustrative miniature electronic devices caninclude, but are not limited to, watches, rings, necklaces, belts,accessories for belts, headsets, accessories for shoes, virtual realitydevices, other wearable electronics, accessories for sporting equipment,accessories for fitness equipment, key chains, or combinations thereof.

While the above description may have described certain components asbeing physically separate from other components, one or more of thecomponents may be integrated into one unit. For example, photodetector26 may be integrated with relative motion sensor 34. Controller 32 alsomay be integrated with photodetector 26 and relative motion sensor 34.Furthermore, the absolute and relative position detection sub-systemscan share components, e.g., controller 32.

Furthermore, while the illustrative remote control systems describedabove may have included predetermined light sources that output lightwaves, one or more of the predetermined light sources can be replacedwith component(s) that output or reflect other types of energy waveseither alone or in conjunction with light waves. For example, thecomponent(s) can output radio waves.

The above described embodiments of the present invention are presentedfor purposes of illustration and not of limitation, and the presentinvention is limited only by the claims which follow.

1-33. (canceled)
 34. A remote control operative for use with a display,the remote control comprising: an absolute position detection componentcomprising at least one electro-optical component, wherein the absoluteposition detection component is operative to detect an initial absoluteposition of the remote control; a relative position detection componentoperative to detect a change in a position of the remote control; and acontroller in communication with the absolute and relative positiondetection components, wherein the controller is operative to: detectthat the remote control is pointing at a particular location on thedisplay based on at least one of data from the absolute positiondetection component comprising the initial absolute position of theremote control and data from the relative position detection component,wherein the particular location on the display is defined by first andsecond orthogonal axes; detect an updated absolute position of theremote control in a third axis based on the initial absolute position ofthe remote control and additional data from the relative positiondetection component, wherein the third axis is orthogonal to the firstand second axes; and transmit signals operative to change a portion ofan image on the display corresponding to the particular location basedon the updated absolute position of the remote control in the thirdaxis.
 35. The remote control of claim 34, wherein the transmittedsignals are operative to move a cursor on the display to the particularlocation.
 36. The remote control of claim 34, wherein the particularlocation is a focal point about which the portion of the image isoperative to be changed by the transmitted signals.
 37. The remotecontrol of claim 34, wherein the initial absolute position of the remotecontrol comprises an initial absolute position of the remote control inthe third axis.
 38. The remote control of claim 37, wherein thecontroller is operative to: detect that the updated absolute position ofthe remote control in the third axis is closer to a reference locationthan the initial absolute position of the remote control in the thirdaxis; and transmit the signals to the display to at least one of zoom inon and enlarge the portion of the image corresponding to the particularlocation.
 39. The remote control of claim 37, wherein the controller isoperative to: detect that the updated absolute position of the remotecontrol in the third axis is further from a reference location than theinitial absolute position of the remote control in the third axis is tothe reference location; and transmit the signals operative to at leastone of zoom out of and shrink the portion of the image corresponding tothe particular location.
 40. A method for use with a system having aremote control and a display, the method comprising: rendering an imagedefined by first and second orthogonal axes on the display; determiningan initial absolute position of the remote control in a third axis,wherein the third axis is orthogonal to the first and second axes;receiving at least one signal from a user input component to change theimage, wherein the at least one signal comprises data associated with achange in position of the remote control; in response to receiving theat least one signal, determining an updated absolute position of theremote control based on the initial absolute position and the dataassociated with the change in position of the remote control, whereinthe updated absolute position comprises an updated absolute position inthe third axis; determining a scale factor for changing the renderedimage based on the updated absolute position in the third axis; changingthe rendered image by the scale factor; and rendering the changed imageon the display.
 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the updated absoluteposition further comprises updated absolute positions in the first andsecond axes.
 42. The method of claim 41, further comprising correlatingthe updated absolute positions in the first and second axes withcoordinates on the rendered image.
 43. The method of claim 42, furthercomprising determining a portion of the rendered image to translatebased on the coordinates on the rendered image.
 44. The method of claim43, wherein the determining the portion of the rendered image totranslate further comprises determining a first amount of the renderedimage to translate in a first direction corresponding to the first axisand a second amount of the rendered image to translate in a seconddirection corresponding to the second axis.
 45. The method of claim 43,wherein the determining the portion of the rendered image to translatefurther comprises generating a translation factor.
 46. The method ofclaim 42, wherein the changed image is centered about the coordinates onthe rendered image.
 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the changing therendered image further comprises translating the portion of the renderedimage.
 48. A method for use with a system comprising a remote controland a display, wherein the display is defined by first and secondorthogonal axes and shows an image, the method comprising: detecting afirst absolute position of the remote control in a third axis withrespect to a reference location based on absolute position data outputby a light detector, wherein the third axis is orthogonal to the firstand second axes; rendering at least a first portion of the image in afirst reference size on the display based on the first absolute positionof the remote control in the third axis with respect to the referencelocation; detecting a second absolute position of the remote control inthe third axis based on the detected first absolute position and basedon relative position data output by at least one of an accelerometer anda gyroscope; and rendering at least a second portion of the image in asecond reference size on the display based on the second absoluteposition of the remote control in the third axis.
 49. The method ofclaim 48, wherein the second reference size is scaled with respect tothe first reference size based on a difference between: the firstabsolute position of the remote control in the third axis with respectto the reference location; and the second absolute position of theremote control in the third axis with respect to the reference location.50. The method of claim 48, wherein the rendering the at least a secondportion of the image comprises one of zooming in on and zooming out froma focal point of the image.
 51. The method of claim 50, wherein thefocal point is based on an absolute position of the remote control inthe first and second axes with respect to the reference location.
 52. Aremote control for use with a display defined by first and secondorthogonal axes and operative to show an image, the remote controlcomprising: an absolute position detection component of an absoluteposition detection sub-system, wherein the absolute position detectioncomponent comprises at least one photodetector that enables the absoluteposition detection sub-system to detect an initial absolute position ofthe remote control in a third axis orthogonal to the first and secondaxes; a relative position detection component of a relative positiondetection sub-system, wherein the relative position detection componentcomprises at least one of an accelerometer and a gyroscope that enablesthe relative position detection sub-system to detect a change in aposition of the remote control in the third axis; and a controllercommunicatively coupled to the absolute position detection component andto the relative position detection component, wherein the controller:detects an updated absolute position of the remote control in the thirdaxis by combining the initial absolute position detected by the absoluteposition detection sub-system with the change in the position detectedby the relative position detection sub-system; and change the scalefactor of the image shown on the display based on the difference betweenthe initial absolute position of the remote control in the third axisand the updated absolute position of the remote control in the thirdaxis.
 53. The remote control of claim 52, wherein: the change of thescale factor comprises one of zooming in on and zooming out from a focalpoint of the image; and the focal point is based on an absolute positionof the remote control in the first and second axes.